雅思極速英語:如何看清長難句的結構關系

Part IV：一個句子一個句號的概念

　　理論上講，一個句子一個句號，但是，實際中會有幾個甚至多個句子擺放在一起共享一個句號。此時應該怎么辦呢？

　　答案很簡單：標記清楚這些句子間的邏輯關系。有兩種：

　　1.并列關系示例

　　示例1：I sat down beside her. I said nothing.

　　變為：I sat down beside her and I said nothing.

　　示例2：He asked me a question. I answered him.

　　變為：He asked me a question and I answered him.

　　2.從屬關系

　　1)運用各類從句，形成主從符合句，包括：

　　狀語從句

　　賓語從句

　　定語從句

　　主語從句

　　同位語從句

　　2)運用非謂語動詞類進行從屬方式的處理，包括：

　　動詞的ing形式

　　動詞的過去分詞形式

　　動詞不定式形式

　　從屬關系示例(以狀語從句為例)

　　示例1：When he asked me a question, I answered him.

　　示例2：I was so angry that I beat him up!

　　示例3：If you ask me ‘why’, I will answer ‘because’!

　　示例4：Since you are not feeling well, just lie down and take a good rest.

　　示例5：Although I have tried my best, I can’t win her heart.

　　示例6：Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you.

　　示例7：I went out very early in the morning so that I could avoid the rush hour traffic.

　　非謂語動詞方式處理示例

　　示例1：I sat beside her. I felt very nervous.

　　可變為：Sitting beside her, I felt very nervous.

　　或者：I sat beside her, feeling very nervous.

　　示例2：I want to quit smoking. I eat candies.

　　可變為：To quit smoking, I eat candies.

　　示例3：A young man was tired of sleeping on the floor. He saved up for years to buy a real bed.

　　可以變為：Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man saved up for years to buy a real bed.

　　示例4：Jimmy was dressed up as Father Christmas. He was accompanied by a guard of honor of six pretty girls. He set off down the main street of the city. He rode a baby elephant. The elephant was called Jumbo.

　　可以變為：Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a guard of honor of six pretty girls, Jimmy set off down the main street of the city, riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.

　　定語從句方式處理

　　定語從句當然是屬于“從屬”的行列，所以，是處理為從屬方式的手段之一。請看下面的例子：

　　This is the only book.

　　I read the book during the holiday.

　　兩句的重合點在the book上面；將第二句中的the book抽出來，放到第*句book后面，其它內容向后甩。這樣，我們就會看到the only book后面馬上又在重復the book。為了避免重復，我們去掉the book，而換用另外一個詞去替換，這個詞就是指物的which或that。因為這里的book有only在修飾，所以，最終我們選用that；又因為that在定語從句中作賓語，所以，可以省略。

　　下面兩句的合并遵循同樣的原則：

　　She is the girl.

　　The girl’s father is my boss.

　　==>She is the girl whose father is my boss.

　　我們預熱幾個組成復雜句的句型：

　　*…, but…結構(表轉折關系)

　　*…, for…結構(表原因關系)

　　*…, so…結構(表結果關系)

　　*…(,/;/.)however,…結構(表更強烈的轉折關系)

　　*…(,/;/.) therefore,…結構(更強烈的結果關系)

　　*…(,/;/.)meanwhile,…結構(表時間關系)

　　這些基本知識構成了：

　　*1)簡單句合并復雜句

　　*2)復雜句拆分為簡單句

　　由“分到合”，由“合到分”的“基石”

　　也是極速學好英語的根本方法或精髓之所在！